中文内容由 Google Cloud Translation 自动生成，仅供参考；请以英文原文为准。问答资料来自欧盟化学品管理局（ECHA）官方网站。
答案（中文）
如 REACH 附件 XVII 限制条款 74 第 1 段所述，二异氰酸酯，1. 自 2023 年 8 月 24 日起，不得单独使用二异氰酸酯，也不得将其作为其他物质的成分或混合物用于工业和专业用途，除非：a) 二异氰酸酯单独和组合的浓度低于 0.1% 重量，或 b) 雇主或自雇人士确保工业或专业用户在使用该物质或混合物之前已成功完成二异氰酸酯安全使用培训。限制条款第 5 段进一步规定：第 1 段 (b) 点所述的培训应包括在工作场所控制二异氰酸酯皮肤和吸入暴露的说明，且不得影响任何国家职业暴露限值或其他适当的国家级风险管理措施。此类培训应由职业安全与健康专家进行，其能力由相关职业培训获得。该培训应至少涵盖：a) 第 5 款第 (a) 点中针对所有工业和专业用途的培训内容。b) 第 5 款第 (a) 和 (b) 点中针对以下用途的培训内容：在环境温度下处理开放式混合物（包括泡沫隧道）、在通风室内喷涂、滚筒涂抹、刷子涂抹、浸涂和浇注涂抹、对不再温热的未完全固化物品进行机械后处理（例如切割）、清洁和废弃物、以及任何其他通过皮肤和/或吸入途径进行类似接触的用途。 c) 针对以下用途，第 5 段第 (a)、(b) 和 (c) 点中的培训要素：处理未完全固化的物品（例如，新固化的、仍温热的物品）、铸造应用、需要接触设备的维护和修理、露天处理温热或高温配方（> 45°C）、在通风有限或仅自然通风的条件下露天喷涂（包括大型工业车间）以及高能量喷涂（例如，泡沫、弹性体以及任何其他通过皮肤和/或吸入途径进行类似暴露的用途）。限制条款规定，雇主（或自雇工人）对工业和专业工人在使用这些物质（或混合物）之前成功完成关于二异氰酸酯安全使用培训负有全部责任。供应商应确保向物质或混合物的接收者提供培训材料和课程（第 7 段）。限制条款没有具体说明由谁准备该材料，但供应商提供的材料必须符合该条目的第 4 和第 5 段的规定，并采取考虑到所提供产品的特殊性，包括成分、包装和设计。因此，制造商/生产商的意见可能是相关的。此外，该限制表明培训必须由职业安全与健康专家进行，并且该专家通过相关职业培训获得了能力。培训的最低要求也在条目中指出。雇主有责任选择培训提供商，培训提供商负责提供至少涵盖限制第 5 段所规定要素的培训。雇主还有义务确保提供商有资格进行培训，并核实供应商提供的培训材料至少涵盖限制第 5 段 a）和 b）点以及适用时 c）点所示的主题，以及专家提供的培训有效涵盖这些主题。
Answer (EN)
As outlined in paragraph 1 of the restriction entry 74 of Annex XVII to REACH,
Diisocyanates,
1. Shall not be used as substances on their own, as a constituent in other substances or in mixtures for industrial and professional use(s) after 24 August 2023, unless:
a) the concentration of diisocyanates individually and in combination is less than 0,1 % by weight, or
b) the employer or self-employed ensures that industrial or professional user(s) have successfully completed training on the safe use of diisocyanates prior to the use of the substance(s) or mixture(s).
It is further outlined in paragraph 5 of the restriction that:
The training referred to in point (b) of paragraph 1 shall include the instructions for the control of dermal and inhalation exposure to diisocyanates at the workplace without prejudice to any national occupational exposure limit value or other appropriate risk management measures at national level. Such training shall be conducted by an expert on occupational safety and health with competence acquired by relevant vocational training.
That training shall cover as a minimum:
a) the training elements in point (a) of paragraph 5 for all industrial and professional
use(s).
b) the training elements in points (a) and (b) of paragraph 5 for the following uses: handling open mixtures at ambient temperature (including foam tunnels), spraying in a ventilated booth, application by roller, application by brush, application by dipping and pouring, mechanical post treatment (e.g. cutting) of not fully cured articles which are not warm anymore, cleaning and waste, any other uses with similar exposure through the dermal and/or inhalation route.
c) the training elements in points (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph 5 for the following uses: handling incompletely cured articles (e.g. freshly cured, still warm), foundry applications, maintenance and repair that needs access to equipment, open handling of warm or hot formulations (> 45 °C), spraying in open air, with limited or only natural ventilation (includes large industry working halls) and spraying with high energy (e.g. foams, elastomers and any other uses with similar exposure through the dermal and/or inhalation route.
The text of the restriction states that the employer (or self-employed worker) has full responsibility that industrial and professional workers have successfully completed a training on the safe use of diisocyanates before they use these substances (or mixtures).
Suppliers shall ensure that the recipients of substance(s) or mixture (s) are provided with the training materials and courses (paragraph 7). The restriction does not specify who has to prepare that material, but the material provided by the supplier must comply with paragraphs 4 and 5 of the entry and take into consideration the specificity of the products supplied, including composition, packaging, and design. Therefore, input of the manufacturer/producer may be relevant.
Furthermore, the restriction indicates that the training has to be conducted by an expert on occupational safety and health with competence acquired by relevant vocational training. Minimum requirements for the training are also indicated in the entry.
The employer is responsible to select the training provider, who is responsible to provide the training covering as a minimum the elements laid down in paragraph 5 of the restriction. The employer will have also the duty to ensure that the provider is qualified to conduct the training and to verify that the training material provided by the supplier covers as a minimum the topics indicated in points a) and b) and, where applicable c), of paragraph 5 of the restriction and that the training effectively provided by the expert covers such topics.