哪些类型的物品使用含镉混合物着色可被视为出于安全原因使用镉（REACH 附件 XVII 第 23 条第 3 款中的例外情况）？

哪些类型的物品使用含镉混合物着色可被视为出于安全原因使用镉（REACH 附件 XVII 第 23 条第 3 款中的例外情况）？

Which types of articles coloured with mixtures containing cadmium can be regarded as using cadmium for safety reasons (derogation in paragraph 3 of entry 23 of Annex XVII to REACH)?

REACH 法规附件 XVII 第 23 条第 1 款规定了对某些合成有机材料（塑料）生产的混合物和物品中镉及其化合物的限制，第 2 款规定了对涂料（关税代码 3208 和 3209）中镉及其化合物的限制。接下来的第 3 款规定，作为例外，第 1 款和第 2 款中的限制不适用于出于安全原因使用含镉混合物着色的物品。这种例外涉及两个安全方面。第一，涉及使用具有某些特性的特定颜色或颜料以防止事故发生。第二，涉及在安全设备中使用具有某些特性的特定颜色或颜料。为了便于执行，给出了应用示例。基于以上情况，可以认为第23条第3款中的例外情况涵盖了以下物品的当前应用：用于火灾探测和灭火系统、飞行控制系统或飞行测试的飞机电气和控制系统中的彩色电线绝缘层和电缆护套。电线和电缆连接通常用于高温应用（环境温度高于150ºC）。镉颜料用于防止颜色在高温下随时间变化或褪色。改变既定的颜色惯例可能会带来重大的维护错误风险，从而可能导致乘客安全风险。户外安全设备，例如：船舶救援艇的部件（例如安全带、救生筏水袋、座舱盖）和户外应用的安全设备部件（例如座椅、卷轴和各种技术部件）。户外安全应用通常用于在紧急情况下需要可见颜色进行救援或定向越野的区域的户外活动。镉颜料与周围环境（例如在救援情况下）形成鲜明的色彩对比，并且需要颜色对周围环境的耐久性（例如耐候性、耐光性、耐热性和色度）。其他希望享受豁免的应用需要展示与上述类似的安全方面。此类考虑应考虑市场上是否存在能够以同等方式解决特定应用安全问题的替代物质。另请参阅欧洲化学品管理局 (ECHA) 的报告《出于安全原因着色物品中镉及其化合物的使用》[PDF]。

Paragraph 1 of entry 23 of Annex XVII to the REACH Regulation provides a restriction on cadmium and its compounds in mixtures and articles produced from certain synthetic organic materials (plastic materials) and paragraph 2 provides a restriction on cadmium and its compounds in paints (Tariff codes 3208 and 3209). The following paragraph 3 states that by way of derogation the restrictions in paragraphs 1 and 2 do not apply to articles coloured with mixtures containing cadmium for safety reasons. There are two safety aspects in relation to this derogation. The first relates to the use of a specific colour or pigment with certain properties which is necessary to prevent accidents. The second relates to the use of a specific colour or pigment with certain properties in safety equipment. For the enforcement purposes example of applications are given. Based on above, it can be considered that the derogation in paragraph 3 of entry 23 covers current applications of articles such as: Coloured wire insulation and cable jackets used in aircraft electrical and control systems for the purpose of fire detection and extinguishing systems, flight control systems or during flight tests. The wire and cable connections are often used in in a high temperature application (greater than 150ºC ambient temperature). Cadmium pigments are used to keep the colour from changing or fading over time in the high temperature. Changing established colour conventions could introduce a significant risk of maintenance errors, which may lead to a risk of passengers.   Outdoor safety equipment, such as: parts of rescue boats for ships (e.g. safety belts, water pockets of life rafts, canopies) and parts of safety equipment for outdoor applications (e.g. seats, reels and diverse technical parts). Outdoor safety applications are applications used typically in outdoor activities in areas where visible colours are needed for rescue or orienteering purposes in case of emergency situations. Cadmium pigments provide highly visible colour contrast with its surroundings (e.g. in rescue situations) and where durability of the colour for the ambient environment (e.g. weather resistance, light fastness, heat resistance and chroma) is needed. The other applications that would like to benefit from the derogation need to show the similar kind of safety aspects than described above. Such considerations should take into account the availability on the market of alternative substances which can address the safety aspects of the specific application in an equivalent manner. See also ECHA´s report "The use of cadmium and its compounds in articles coloured for safety reasons" [PDF].