根据 REACH 规定，永磁体是物质/混合物还是物品？

根据 REACH 规定，永磁体是物质/混合物还是物品？

Is a permanent magnet a substance/mixture or an article under REACH?

根据 REACH，永磁体应被视为物质或混合物（而非物品）。这是因为与其化学成分相比，其形状、表面或设计对其功能的影响较小。作为物质或混合物，永磁体受 REACH 和 CLP 法规的适用条款约束（例如，需要适当包装和贴标签）。永磁体有不同的尺寸和形状。它们应产生（强）永久磁场，并稳定地执行其主要功能，即通过磁力吸引或排斥其他磁性物体（例如，在橱柜中保持门关闭）。它们还应具有高磁矫顽力（即难以消磁）。用于生产永磁体的材料应该是具有永久磁场的材料或易于通过施加外部磁场被磁化的材料。后者还应保留印记的磁性图案（高磁矫顽力）。磁性是物体材料化学性质产生的物理特性之一，在《物品中物质要求指南》（第2.2节）中有所规定。该指南还指出，此类材料特性或属性不应与物体的形状、表面和设计混淆。稳定性（磁矫顽力）和产生的永久磁场强度似乎是永磁体最重要的特性。因此，永磁体的磁特性与其化学成分密切相关，决定了其功能。

A permanent magnet should be considered as a substance or a mixture (and not an article) under REACH. This is because its shape, surface or design are less relevant for its function than its chemical composition. As a substance or a mixture, a permanent magnet is subject to the applicable provisions of the REACH and CLP regulations (e.g. it needs to be appropriately packaged and labelled). Permanent magnets are used in different sizes and forms. They should create a (strong) permanent magnetic field and be stable to perform their main function of attracting or repelling other magnetic objects through a magnetic force (e.g. in cupboards to keep a door closed). They should also have high magnetic coercivity (i.e. they should be difficult to demagnetise).   The materials to be used to produce permanent magnets should either be either materials with permanent magnetic fields or materials with a susceptibility to be magnetised by applying an external magnetic field. The latter should also retain the imprinted magnetic pattern (high magnetic coercivity).  The magnetism is one example of a physical property that results from the chemistry of the materials an object is made of, given in the Guidance on requirements for substances in articles (subchapter 2.2). The Guidance also states that such material characteristics or properties are not to be confused with the shape, surface and design of an object. The stability (magnetic coercivity) and the strength of the created permanent magnetic field appear to be the most important properties of a permanent magnet. Therefore, the magnetic properties of the permanent magnet, which are strongly related to its chemical composition, determine its function.